The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

单眼相机传感器对于智能车辆操作和自动驾驶帮助至关重要，并且在交通控制基础设施中也很大程度上使用。但是，校准单眼摄像机很耗时，通常需要大量的手动干预。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种外部摄像机校准方法，该方法通过利用来自图像和点云的语义分割信息来自动化参数估计。我们的方法依赖于对摄像头姿势的粗略初始测量，并建立在具有高精度定位的车辆上的雷达传感器上，以捕获相机环境的点云。之后，通过执行语义分段传感器数据的激光镜头到相机的注册来获得相机和世界坐标空间之间的映射。我们在模拟和现实世界中评估了我们的方法，以证明校准结果中的低误差测量值。我们的方法适用于基础设施传感器和车辆传感器，而它不需要摄像机平台的运动。

在这项工作中，我们适应了一种受原始Alphago系统启发的训练方法，以扮演不完美的侦察盲目信息游戏。我们仅使用观测值而不是对游戏状态的完整描述，我们首先在公开可用的游戏记录上训练监督代理。接下来，我们通过自我播放来提高代理商的性能，并使用彻底的强化学习算法近端策略优化。我们不使用任何搜索来避免由于游戏状态的部分可观察性引起的问题，而只使用策略网络在播放时生成动作。通过这种方法，我们在RBC排行榜上实现了1330的ELO，该纸板在撰写本文时将我们的经纪人处于27位。我们看到自我戏剧可显着提高性能，并且代理商在没有搜索的情况下可以很好地发挥，而无需对真实游戏状态做出假设。

可靠的跟踪算法对于自动驾驶至关重要。但是，现有的一致性措施不足以满足汽车部门日益增长的安全需求。因此，这项工作提出了一种基于卡尔曼过滤和主观逻辑的混乱中单对象跟踪自我评估的新方法。该方法的一个关键特征是，它还提供了在线可靠性评分中收集的统计证据的量度。这样，可靠性的各个方面，例如假定的测量噪声，检测概率和混乱速率的正确性，除了基于可用证据的整体评估外，还可以监视。在这里，我们提出了用于研究问题的自我评估模块中使用的参考分布的数学推导。此外，我们介绍了一个公式，该公式描述了如何为冲突程度选择阈值，这是用于可靠性决策的主观逻辑比较度量。我们的方法在旨在建模不利天气条件的挑战性模拟场景中进行了评估。模拟表明，我们的方法可以显着提高多个方面杂物中单对象跟踪的可靠性检查。

听力损失是人类的重大健康问题和心理负担。小鼠模型提供了阐明参与潜在发育和病理生理机制的基因的可能性。为此，大规模的鼠标表型计划包括单基因敲除小鼠线的听觉表型。使用听觉脑干响应（ABR）程序，德国鼠标诊所和全球类似设施已经产生了大型均匀的突变体和野生型小鼠的ABR原料数据。在标准ABR分析过程中，听力阈值通过训练有素的工作人员从增加声压水平的信号曲线进行视觉评估。这是令人耗时的，并且容易被读者偏向，以及图形显示质量和规模。为了减少工作量并提高质量和再现性，我们开发并比较了两种方法，用于从平均ABR原始数据中实现自动听力阈值识别：一个受监督方法，涉及在人生成的标签和自我监督方法上训练的两个组合神经网络，利用信号功率谱利用信号功率谱并将随机森林声级估计与转换曲线拟合算法结合起来进行阈值查找。我们表明，两种型号都很好地，胜过人类阈值检测，并且适用于快速，可靠和无偏见的听力阈值检测和质量控制。在高通量鼠标表型环境中，两种方法都以自动端到端筛选管道的一部分表现良好，以检测用于听力参与的候选基因。两种模型的代码以及用于此工作的数据都可以自由使用。

我们概述了新兴机会和挑战，以提高AI对科学发现的效用。AI为行业的独特目标与AI科学的目标创造了识别模式中的识别模式与来自数据的发现模式之间的紧张。如果我们解决了与域驱动的科学模型和数据驱动的AI学习机之间的“弥补差距”相关的根本挑战，那么我们预计这些AI模型可以改变假说发电，科学发现和科学过程本身。

深度强化学习中的异常状态（RL）是超出RL政策范围的状态。这样的状态可能会导致RL系统的次优和不安全的决策，从而阻碍其在实际情况下的部署。在本文中，我们为深度RL算法提出了一个简单而有效的异常检测框架，该算法同时考虑了随机，对抗和分布外〜（OOD）状态异常值。特别是，我们在高斯假设下获得了每个动作类别的类别条件分布，并依靠这些分布来根据Mahalanobis距离〜（MD）和强大的Mahalanobis距离区分嵌入式和离群值。我们对Atari游戏进行了广泛的实验，以验证我们的检测策略的有效性。据我们所知，我们介绍了深入RL算法中统计和对抗性异常检测的第一项详细研究。这个简单的统一异常检测为在现实世界应用中部署安全的RL系统铺平了道路。

图像生物标准化倡议（IBSI）旨在通过标准化从图像中提取图像生物标志物（特征）的计算过程来提高射致研究的再现性。我们之前建立了169个常用特征的参考值，创建了标准的射频图像处理方案，并开发了用于垄断研究的报告指南。但是，若干方面没有标准化。在这里，我们提出了在射频中使用卷积图像过滤器的参考手册的初步版本。滤波器，例如高斯滤波器的小波或拉普拉斯，在强调特定图像特征（如边缘和Blob）中发挥重要组成部分。已发现从过滤滤波器响应图派生的功能可重复差。此参考手册构成了持续工作的基础，用于标准化卷积滤波器中的覆盖物中的持续工作，并在这项工作进行时更新。

The performance of the Deep Learning (DL) models depends on the quality of labels. In some areas, the involvement of human annotators may lead to noise in the data. When these corrupted labels are blindly regarded as the ground truth (GT), DL models suffer from performance deficiency. This paper presents a method that aims to learn a confident model in the presence of noisy labels. This is done in conjunction with estimating the uncertainty of multiple annotators. We robustly estimate the predictions given only the noisy labels by adding entropy or information-based regularizer to the classifier network. We conduct our experiments on a noisy version of MNIST, CIFAR-10, and FMNIST datasets. Our empirical results demonstrate the robustness of our method as it outperforms or performs comparably to other state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. In addition, we evaluated the proposed method on the curated dataset, where the noise type and level of various annotators depend on the input image style. We show that our approach performs well and is adept at learning annotators' confusion. Moreover, we demonstrate how our model is more confident in predicting GT than other baselines. Finally, we assess our approach for segmentation problem and showcase its effectiveness with experiments.

Landing an unmanned aerial vehicle unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on top of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) in harsh open waters is a challenging problem, owing to forces that can damage the UAV due to a severe roll and/or pitch angle of the USV during touchdown. To tackle this, we propose a novel model predictive control (MPC) approach enabling a UAV to land autonomously on a USV in these harsh conditions. The MPC employs a novel objective function and an online decomposition of the oscillatory motion of the vessel to predict, attempt, and accomplish the landing during near-zero tilt of the landing platform. The nonlinear prediction of the motion of the vessel is performed using visual data from an onboard camera. Therefore, the system does not require any communication with the USV or a control station. The proposed method was analyzed in numerous robotics simulations in harsh and extreme conditions and further validated in various real-world scenarios.